First thing, first I have met Kaushik Basu in person. With my experience with that guy, believing such numbers can be tricky.
Secondly, let’s take an example from our neighbor, the one who took big advantage of their demographic dividend in 90s/00s - China.
Think of any electronics device, toy or chemical API. The probability of it having “Made in China” is 99%. So despite having a non-English speaking population (which is a big disadvantage in itself), they improved the life of their citizens. In short, manufacturing has power to uplift a big chunk of population.
In one line - more & more manufacturing needs to happen in India. I am not in favor of putting unfriendly duties on “Made in X” products but Indian manufacturers need to invest more. Private/Public investments are still lagging in manufacturing.