How does insane package actually work.

I see a lot of people with some years of experience earning in the range of 10-15 LPA. At the same time I see people with same experience earning 50-60 LPA. I know switch is one of way to get the package you want and companies don’t give enough increment and all that gyaan. My question is a bit different. Even when people from 10-15 LPA apply to bigger companies, the company is only willing to give them 30-40% of hike. And that includes the likes of a lot of top tier companies (don’t count FAAANG) So people who really reached high packages, what is the secret sauce here. Asking as a friend of mine is struggling for months. He works at Accenture so either the companies that call don’t wait for the notice or give only 30-40% hike at max saying this is market standard for the role What is your take on it, exclude job hopping in few years because even that doesn’t work for some people or some profiles.