Point 1: Estimating is quite difficult for large scale systems, several experienced engineering leaders have writting about vons of scrum, estimates using poker etc. + These depend on manager too. My manager always asks me to add certain buffer, people hate missing deadlines.
It's better to under-promise and over-deliver
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It's a cultural thing, your HR should spend time solving this but regardless it's human nature for most
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If paid fairly, it's wrong. If paid 20-25k like shitty salary, it's justified. Working hard for your family and expenses >> corporate values.
My moral compass is complex, won't elaborate more on this
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Again HR should bring transperancy and salary levels like Netflix or else F**k off. If a person knows what SDE1, SDE2 etc. are paid they will make the choice of joining with that knowledge and can't crib about it afterwards or demand more
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Wow, you can calculate utilisation of Software Engineers, Tell me more because recently McKinsey was bashed by Engineering Leaders for coming up with shitty framework like code effort etc. For measuring dev productivity.
None of the points you put are objective, maybe 2nd one but read more about cultural and engineering. Also touch grass