The Taliban drove Afghan President Burhanuddin Rabbani out of Kabul, tortured and murdered former president Mohammad Najibullah, and established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.

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On this day: 27th September

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On this day: 27th September- Grapevine

- The Taliban has issued new laws banning women’s voices and bare faces in public, approved by supreme leader
- The laws, part of a 114-page document, cover public transportation, music, shaving, and celebrations, and are the first formal vice and virtue laws since the Taliban's 2021 takeover.
- Women must veil their bodies and faces in public, and their voices are not to be heard singing, reciting, or reading aloud.
- The laws also ban the publication of images of living beings and the playing of music, among other restrictions.
- A U.N. report highlights the ministry's role in creating a climate of fear and expanding its oversight into media and drug addiction. 

 Source: [Associated Press](https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-taliban-vice-virtue-laws-women-9626c24d8d5450d52d36356ebff20c83)

Taliban Enforces New Vice Laws Targeting Women’s Voices and Visibility

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Saw a college chick that was a big proponent of "smashing capitalism" and installing a marxist/communist system. It got me thinking why do people hate capitalism? First thing that's interesting is that people don't know what capitalism is. Discuss what it is, as it seems to be hotly debated on its beginning, etc.

To start, the Wikipedia page is wrong on the definition of capitalism. It describes it through the lens of Marxism and calls it an economic system.

Capitalism more so resembles a social system based on individual rights.

The economic system under capitalism that advocates for private industry and production, would be the free market economy. 

Adam Smith described capitalism using the emergence of the division of labor:
"Every man thus lives by exchanging, or becomes in some measure a merchant, and the society itself grows to be what is properly a commercial society. "

The people who understand the practicality of life, know they must develop some ability to produce something that may lead to a valuable and exchangeable surplus that can be traded on the market.

Capitalism is social and natural while the economic system must be reflected in the private and individual institutions that allow for the free exchange of goods.

Why do people hate capitalism?

What Is Capitalism, When Did It Start, Or Is It Natural?

- The Taliban's religious police detained over **13,000** Afghans in the past year for violating morality laws.
- Violations included breaking strict Islamic dress codes, gender segregation, gambling, drug use, and playing music.
- Over **20,000** musical instruments were destroyed, and **25** bars were closed by the Taliban.
- Nearly **300** Taliban members were fired for trimming their beards, which is also banned.
- The Taliban's religious police have created a 'climate of fear and intimidation,' with public punishments and expanded powers. 

 Source: [rferl](https://www.rferl.org/a/afghanistan-taliban-morality-police-arrests/33090049.html)

Thousands Of Afghans Detained By Taliban's Morality Police

Mayo is Gay: Taliban

Founder

- Tensions rise in Islamabad with army deployment as supporters of ex-PM Imran Khan protest. 
- Clashes occur between Khan's PTI supporters and police in Islamabad and Lahore. 
- PTI demands Khan's release, judiciary independence, and protests against inflation. 
- Over 700 PTI workers reportedly detained by Punjab government. 
- Army to maintain law and order during upcoming Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit.

Source: [The Hindu](https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/army-deployed-in-islamabad-amid-protests-by-ex-pakistan-pm-imran-khans-party/article68721233.ece)

Army Deployed Amid Protests by Imran Khan's Party in Islamabad

A new report says some jihadists who transitioned to desk jobs after the Taliban’s takeover are tired of the 9-to-5.

Taliban Members Fed Up With Office Work, Ready to Quiet Quit

Investor

- Masoud Pezeshkian, Iran's first reformist president in two decades, faces immediate challenges following the assassination of Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh during his inauguration ceremony.
- The assassination, blamed on Israel, has heightened regional tensions and put Iran on a war footing, complicating Pezeshkian's promises to resolve the nuclear stand-off and secure sanctions relief.
- Pezeshkian's presidency comes at a critical juncture, with Iran's theocratic system facing a legitimacy crisis, economic woes, and factionalism, all while preparing for the eventual succession of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
- Despite having the backing of Khamenei, Pezeshkian will need to navigate resistance from hardliners and the complexities of Iran's political system to achieve his reformist agenda.
- The success of Pezeshkian's presidency could reduce both domestic and foreign tensions, but much will depend on his ability to negotiate a new nuclear agreement and manage Iran's strained relations with the West. 

 Source: [Financial Times](https://www.ft.com/content/7a348ae2-0774-41df-a052-98353b4bfa7a)

Iran's New President Faces Daunting Challenges Amid Assassination and Regional Tensions

- Afghanistan announced the start of work on the $10 billion TAPI gas pipeline, despite past delays due to security issues.
- The pipeline will traverse Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India, delivering 33 billion cubic metres of natural gas annually.
- Afghan Prime Minister Hassan Akhund and Turkmen President Serdar Berdimuhamedow praised the project at a border ceremony.
- The pipeline is expected to create 12,000 jobs in Afghanistan and provide significant transit fees.
- Analysts predict further delays, with the pipeline potentially becoming operational only in the next decade. 

 Source: [The Hindu](https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/afghanistan-set-to-begin-work-on-tapi-pipeline/article68632848.ece)

Afghanistan Begins Work on Controversial TAPI Pipeline

Pope Pontian resigned after being exiled to Sardinia, becoming the first pope to relinquish the position; he was reportedly beaten to death with sticks weeks later.

On this day: 28th September

American software developer Richard Stallman announced plans for the Unix-like operating system GNU, the first free software developed by the GNU Project.

- President Joe Biden has decided not to seek re-election, endorsing Vice-President Kamala Harris as his successor.
- Biden announced his decision in a social media letter, citing the best interest of his party and the country.
- Biden has not been seen in public since his Covid-19 diagnosis and plans to address the nation later this week.
- Kamala Harris, who aims to become the first female president, has received endorsements from prominent Democrats including Bill and Hillary Clinton.
- Biden's decision follows a period of intense debate within the Democratic Party and declining poll numbers against Donald Trump. 

 Source: Financial Times

President Biden Abandons Re-Election Bid, Endorses Kamala Harris

- The night before **Sheikh Hasina** fled Bangladesh, her **army chief**, **Gen. Waker-Uz-Zaman**, decided troops would not enforce a **curfew** by opening fire on civilians, according to two **serving army officers**.
- **Gen. Waker-Uz-Zaman** informed Hasina that the army could not implement the **lockdown**, signaling she no longer had their **support**, as confirmed by an **Indian official**.
- Details of the **military's decision** and the message to Hasina have not been previously reported, shedding light on the **chaotic end** of her **15-year rule**.
- The **nationwide curfew** followed **deadly clashes** that killed at least **91 people**, the **deadliest day** since **protests began in July**.
- Hasina fled to **India** on Monday, with her departure facilitated by **Indian officials**, amid **escalating protests** and **loss of military support**. 

 Source: [Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/bangladesh-army-refused-suppress-protest-sealing-hasinas-fate-2024-08-07/)

Sheikh Hasina Flees Bangladesh Amid Deadly Protests

- Muhammad Yunus, Nobel laureate and microcredit pioneer, has been appointed head of Bangladesh's interim government following the ouster of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.
- Despite his non-political stance, Yunus is seen as a stabilizing figure due to his integrity and global connections, including ties with Western elites like Richard Branson and the Clintons.
- Bangladesh is in chaos with violent clashes resulting in over 300 deaths, and Yunus's leadership is expected to restore normalcy.
- Yunus has faced numerous legal battles, which he claims were politically motivated, and remains focused on social business and poverty alleviation.
- The regional implications of Bangladesh's unrest are significant, with Yunus warning of potential destabilization and refugee influxes in neighboring countries. 

 Source: [Business Today](https://www.businesstoday.in/world/story/i-am-not-a-politician-can-muhammad-yunus-banker-to-the-poor-pull-bangladesh-out-of-the-mess-it-is-in-440460-2024-08-07)

Muhammad Yunus Appointed Interim Leader Amid Bangladesh Turmoil

Review

Analyst

- **Babar Azam** has resigned as Pakistan's white-ball captain for the second time in a year.
- He announced his decision on social media platform **X** (formerly Twitter), citing a desire to focus on his batting and personal life.
- Babar's tenure saw Pakistan's poor performance in the **2023 ODI World Cup** and the **2024 T20 World Cup**.
- **Shaheen Shah Afridi** and **Shan Masood** had brief stints as captains during Babar's leadership changes.
- Pakistan's upcoming tours include **Australia**, **Zimbabwe**, and **South Africa**.

Source: [Outlook](https://www.outlookindia.com/sports/cricket/babar-azam-resigns-pakistan-captaincy-star-batter-quits-white-ball-leadership-for-second-time-who-will-be-next-pak-skipper), [Ndtv](https://sports.ndtv.com/cricket/mocked-trolled-roasted-babar-azam-faces-social-media-bashing-over-captaincy-resignation-6697407), [Hindustan Times](https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/more-resignations-than-trophies-babar-azam-draws-fan-fury-after-announcing-decision-to-step-down-as-pakistan-captain-101727831830879.html), [Abp News](https://news.abplive.com/sports/cricket/babar-azam-resigns-from-captaincy-pakistan-team-white-ball-odi-t20i-1721385), [Mint](https://www.livemint.com/news/babar-azam-steps-down-as-pakistan-captain-calls-it-significant-workload-want-to-prioritise-my-11727829453836.html), [Hindustan Times](https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/babar-azam-steps-down-as-pakistan-skipper-says-want-to-prioritise-my-performance-101727821904646.html), [The Times Of India](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/babar-azam-resigns-from-pakistan-cricket-team-white-ball-captaincy/articleshow/113861963.cms), [Hindustan Times](https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/babar-azam-quits-as-pakistan-captain-in-a-late-night-post-captaincy-added-a-significant-workload-101727810176192.html), [Nd News Express](https://www.ndnewsexpress.com/babar-azam-steps-down-from-pakistan-cricket-team-white-ball-captaincy-full-statement-of-sudden-move-here-cricket-news/)

Babar Azam Steps Down as Pakistan's White-Ball Captain

Twelve-year-old Muhammad al-Durrah was shot dead in the Gaza Strip; the Israel Defense Forces initially accepted responsibility but retracted it five years later.

On this day: 30th September

Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Neville Chamberlain, and Édouard Daladier signed the Munich Agreement, stipulating that Czechoslovakia must cede the Sudetenland to Germany.

World War II: Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and the Empire of Japan signed the Tripartite Pact in Berlin, officially forming a military alliance known as the Axis.

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