In a VB file, BDW and RDW manage block and record lengths. Each RDW is 4 bytes, with 2 bytes for record length. BDW is also 4 bytes, with 2 bytes for block length. For an 80-byte logical record, 4 bytes are RDW, and 76 bytes are data.

Let's Mainframe! :)  VB (Variable Blocked) file:  There are two types of control information in a VB file  1) Block descriptor Word (BDW) and 2) Record descriptor Word (RDW) with the data in a VB f...

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VB (Variable Blocked) file:

There are two types of control information in a VB file-
 1) Block descriptor Word (BDW) and 2) Record descriptor Word (RDW) with the data in a VB file.

There might be several records in one physical block. Each variable length record has a RECORD DESCRIPTOR WORD(RDW). 

 RDW is of 4 bytes. The first 2 bytes store the length of the record.
Each block has a BLOCK DESCRIPTOR WORD(BDW) at the beginning of the block. The BDW is of 4 bytes. The first 2 bytes contain 
the length of the block.

The representation of a VB block file is below-

BDWRDWRECORDRDWRECORDRDWRECORD

That is why when the logical record length of a Variable blocked file is 80 , it is 4 bytes RDW and 76 bytes data.

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Distinction between CHAR and VARCHAR data types -



CHAR data type has a predetermined maximum length, while VARCHAR data type is a varying length character string. 

So, it means, Char will always have the same length to store the text, but VARCHAR alters its length based on the length of the string which has to be stored, which helps in saving memory. 



The CHAR data type in DB2 stores character data in a fixed-length field. It can store letters, numbers, and other characters which are supported. 

However, VARCHAR data type is a varying-length character string that can contain letters, numbers, and special characters.



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Do you know what DBRM is?

DBRM is Database Request Module and is a component inside DB2, it is created after the pre-compilation of COBOL-DB2 program. This is a module that consists of SQL source statements that get extracted out of the application program. DBRMs form inputs that are used for binding process which creates the executable format of it which is then used during execution of the program

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What is DCLGEN in DB2?

DCLGEN (Declarations generator) are used in the COBOL-DB2 programs that we write. The program should declare the tables and views that it accesses. DCLGEN produces these DECLARE statements so that we do not need to code these statements manually. It also generates corresponding host variable structures. When DCLGEN is used to generate a table declaration, the DB2 uses the DB2 catalog to get the relevant information from it. DCLGEN, then uses this information to create an SQL DECLARE TABLE statement for the table/view.
DCLGEN has SQL DECLARE TABLE statement, the Cobol equivalent variables for columns and NULL indicators too.

Questions asked in Mainframe interviews for a mid level experienced candidate-

1. What is checkpoint restart logic and how will you code it in your program?
2. What is file parallel processing in Cobol programs?
3. What is commit logic in programs?
4. Explain the use of Cursor.
5. Explain these abends- -305, -803,-904,-911.
6. What is real time use of GDG concept?
7. INREC FIELD ,INCLUDE COND Sort examples.
8. What is Array and how is it used, what are subscript and index?
9. What are search and search all and how are they coded?
10.Why is version control tool used? (next is how do you deploy a component from dev to prod?)
11.How do u schedule a job using job scheduling tool?
12.What is your daily task and how do u get requirement?
13.Have u worked on a project from end to end?
14.Challenges you faced while delivering a project.
15.Have you interacted with stakeholders?
16.What is SDLC process?
17.Have u ever done estimation of any requirement?
18.Difference between continue and next sentence.
19.Redefines real time examples.

There are more but these are frequently asked questions-

Hope it helps!

Let's Mainframe! Important Interview questions for a Mainframe developer

People working in banks - JPMC, HSBC, Morgan Stanley, BoA, etc : 

What tech stack are you using  predominantly for backend?

Are you using on-premise or VPC for storing data? 

What version control are you using?

You might be having custom software for core banking, but what kind of wrapper are you using over it?

I work in a financial services company that makes software for banks so wanted to know if the stack is similar. ( not panning a hack 😂 )

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Software Engineer

As a college student I currently have 2 options. Whether to learn mainframe technologies as a part of the subject very wisely so I can apply in companies like BMC and IBM or shall I stick with DSA practicing. Enlighten me in areas of scope, advancement and salary.

Is learning mainframe technologies good or shall I stick to DSA?

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Can anyone please explain why Debit and Credit is written in short form as DR and CR    Wherein it’s clearly understandable that Cr means Credit but it should be DE for Debit   why DR ??

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JOBLIB is a DD statement which is a user defined library (we can code many) at job level where load modules of the programs called in the JCL should reside. The JOBLIB should be coded between the Job card and the first EXEC statement. The statement applies to all the steps of the entire job.



However, STEPLIB is coded in each step of the JCL where the load module of that particular program is expected to be present. 

It always applies to only that step of the JCL where it is coded and not the whole job. 

This can be used at any step in the job and also it can be coded in catalogued procedures.



If both STEPLIB and JOBLIB are coded in a JCL, then STEPLIB gets precedence over JOBLIB.



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What is a SUBSCRIPT in Mainframe?

Subscript:

A subscript is an integer value that indicates the position of an element in an Array(table).
It can be defined in working-storage section with PIC S9(4) COMP.
It's an integer that indicates the occurrence number in an array.

Example: If you have a table which is defined as 

01 WS-ARRAY OCCURS 100 TIMES, then the first element can be accessed by using WS-ARRAY (1).

Example:

DATA DIVISION.
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 WS-SUBSCRPT PIC S9(4) COMP.
01 WS-ARRAY.
02 WS-ELEMENT PIC X(5) OCCURS 10 TIMES.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
MOVE 5 to WS-SUBSCRPT.
ADD 2 TO WS-SUBSCRPT.
MOVE ‘ABCDE’ TO WS-ELEMENT(WS-SUBSCRPT).

This will move ‘ABCDE’ to element number 7.

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Hi everyone, recently i interviewed for a product position in hdfc bank. I did well and was asked to submit documents for offer release. Everything was going fine. But, a couple of days later, I was told that there's a hiring freeze in hdfc. Can someone confirm this? Thanks in advance.

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Hi All,

Recently I got an offer from Accenture ( Kolkata location) in Data & AI vertical. I was interviewed in tech stacks like GenAI, AI&ML. Currently I am working in Deloitte USI and have around 6.5 yrs of experience. I am up for promotion as well but my promotion was denied this year. Not sure what will happen next year.

I want to know how's the project in this vertical and job security, wlb in Accenture. Also in the offer letter variable component is mentioned from 0-27%. How's the variable scenario in Accenture. Need your honest opinions. Accenture is giving me 25LPA fixed.

Thanks in advance.

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Accenture Data & AI vertical review

Job Accounting information usually defines a person or department to whom processor time is billed for mainframe job execution.

This value varies from project to project and company to company. It totally depends on the guidelines set by the company.



This accounting information value is generally a number, but it may consist of multiple pieces of information and not just a single 

as it is set as per company guidelines. Its value depends on that. The accounting information is passed on the JOB statement, not the EXEC statement.





Below are a few examples--



Example 1:



//JOB1 JOB A123-1212



Example 2:



//JOB2 JOB (A123-1212,'11/12/99')

Why do Indian startups have many sheets being used for everything?

How much of this can be done on software. Any reason why more of this is not being done. Is this only India problem?

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