The prime cause is incompetent and hence insecure & bitter people running people management directly or through their “favorites”. Work can eventually be managed, but the incompetent people with seniority or seniors “blessings” cannot be managed by not-so-blessed and not-so-favorites. The world or lives don’t end, unless one is working in emergency roles, if one little guy doesn’t complete a task in whatever time they are allotted for it reasonably or not.
Toxicity, favoritism and pressures are everywhere. It’s the mediocrity rewarding mediocrity makes the things escalate unfavorably and fast.