I have personally faced this.
What i did was I didn't tell them but showed them.
Took initiative, put in my extra time, did research & basis research i created design. Explained them my research & ideation and how many variations I tried and how i finalized this specific solution.
Once you show them how research & initial ideation can help in creating good design, next time onward they'd understand it.
See, changes won't come in one day. Not every company follows the design process but you can change it slowly. Show results
See even if they don't change, you should do it for yourself. Companies will come and go, try to improve yourself, observe & learn as much as you can from your seniors.
Hope this helps
Happy designing
Enjoy the process